OMNi Research Library
Turning Knowledge into Action
OMNi provides this research library for educational purposes. These independent publications were not conducted by, commissioned by, or affiliated with OMNi unless expressly stated. Inclusion does not imply author, institution, journal, or publisher endorsement of OMNi or its products. OMNi’s technology does not diagnose, prevent, or treat concussion or other medical conditions.
A Comparison of Youth Flag and Tackle Football Head Impact Biomechanics — Lynall et al., 2019
Directly compares the frequency and biomechanics of impacts in youth flag and tackle football.
Head Impact Exposures Among Youth Tackle and Flag American Football Athletes — Waltzman et al., 2021
Examines differences in head-impact exposure between youth flag and tackle participants.
Differences in Head Impact Exposures Between Youth Tackle and Flag Football Games and Practices — 2021
Breaks down estimated impacts during flag and tackle practices and games.
Head Impact Biomechanics in Youth Flag Football — Lempke et al., 2021
Evaluates impact frequency, location, and biomechanical characteristics in youth flag football.
Emergency Department Visits for Head, Neck, and Facial Injuries in Non-Tackle Football — Zendler et al., 2021
Documents injury patterns associated with non-tackle forms of football.
Neuropsychological Profiles of Athletes and Views Regarding Tackle and Flag Football — Roghair et al., 2022
Adds perspective on youth participation, injury concerns, and perceptions surrounding football formats.
Laboratory Evaluation of the gForce Tracker, a Head Impact Monitoring Device — Campbell et al., 2016
Compares wearable measurements with reference accelerometers and highlights the need for helmet-specific correction.
Accelerometers for the Assessment of Concussion in Male Athletes — Brennan et al., 2017
Reviews how accelerometers are used to characterize sports head-impact kinematics.
Video Analysis Verification of Head Impact Events Measured by Wearable Sensors — Cortes et al., 2017
Shows why sensor events should be verified to reduce false-positive impact counts.
Measurement of Head Impacts in Collegiate Football Players — Mihalik et al., 2007
Examines impact magnitude, frequency, and positional differences in collegiate football.
Comparison of Impact Data in Hockey, Football, and Soccer — 2000
Provides an early comparison of measured head accelerations across multiple sports.
Laboratory Validation of Two Wearable Sensor Systems for Measuring Head Impacts — Siegmund et al., 2016
Assesses detection performance and measurement accuracy under controlled conditions.
Bandwidth and Sample Rate Requirements for Wearable Head-Impact Sensors — Wu et al., 2016
Explains technical requirements for capturing linear and rotational head motion accurately.
A Two-Phased Approach to Quantifying Head Impact Sensor Accuracy — Kieffer et al., 2020
Uses sensor measurements and video validation to distinguish genuine impacts from false triggers.
On-Field Evaluation of Mouthpiece- and Helmet-Mounted Head-Impact Sensors — Holcomb et al., 2024
Compares wearable measurement approaches under real-world sports conditions.
Evaluation of an In-Ear Sensor for Quantifying Head Impacts in Youth Soccer — Sandmo et al., 2019
Demonstrates both the potential and limitations of wearable sensors, including measurement error.
Prevalence of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes — 2025
Examines CTE prevalence in populations exposed to repetitive head impacts.
Neuropathologic and Clinical Findings in Young Contact-Sport Athletes — McKee et al., 2023
Studies young brain donors with histories of repetitive head-impact exposure.
Repetitive Head Impacts and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy — McKee et al., 2016
Reviews the relationship among repetitive impacts, neuropathology, and CTE.
Long-Term Consequences of Repetitive Brain Trauma — Stern et al., 2011
Reviews possible neurological and behavioral consequences associated with repetitive brain trauma.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes: Progressive Tauopathy After Repetitive Head Injury — McKee et al., 2009
A foundational neuropathology paper on CTE and repetitive head injury.
Role of Subconcussion in Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury — Bailes et al., 2013
Discusses impacts that may not produce observable concussion symptoms but can contribute to cumulative exposure.
Brain Morphometry in Former American Football Players — Arciniega et al., 2024
Uses structural MRI to investigate brain characteristics in former football players.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Athletes Sustaining Repetitive Head Impacts — Schneider et al., 2019
Systematic review of prospective research involving repetitive exposure and white-matter measurements.
Cumulative Effects of Concussion in Amateur Athletes — Iverson et al., 2004
Investigates cognitive performance among athletes with different concussion histories.
Cumulative Effects Associated With Recurrent Concussion in Collegiate Football Players — Guskiewicz et al., 2003
A major study of repeat concussion and concussion-history outcomes.
The Effect of Repeated Concussions on Clinical and Health Outcomes — 2024
Reports differences among athletes with multiple previous concussions.
Differential Effect of Recurrent Concussions on Symptom Reporting — Chen et al., 2019
Examines the relationship between recurrent concussion and reported symptoms.
GHSA Mandates Protective Headgear for Girls Flag Football — Atlanta News First
Covers Georgia’s statewide requirement for soft-shell padded headgear and the research behind the decision.
Flag Football Helmets: Assessing Headgear in an Increasingly Popular Sport — Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Explains current research measuring youth flag-football impacts and evaluating whether headgear reduces them.
Flag Football/7v7 Headgear Ratings — Virginia Tech Helmet Lab
Independently compares dozens of soft-shell headgear models based on linear and rotational impact performance.
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Head and Body Impacts in American 7v7 Non-Tackle Football — Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
Examines how impacts occur in 7v7 football and concludes that protective equipment should be designed specifically for non-tackle play.
Head-Impact Exposures Among Youth Tackle and Flag Football Players — Sports Health
Demonstrates that flag football reduces head-impact exposure compared with tackle football but does not eliminate impacts.
Injuries Can Be Prevented in Contact Flag Football — Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
Recommends soft headgear alongside rule enforcement and other equipment to reduce injuries in contact-style flag football.
The Epidemiology of Injuries in Contact Flag Football — Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
Documents injuries in flag football and identifies appropriate headgear as a potential preventive measure.
Why Girls Should Wear Soft-Shell Headgear in Flag Football — GameBreaker
Discusses the rise of girls’ flag football, concussion concerns, and the increased adoption of soft-shell headgear. This is a manufacturer article, so OMNi should identify it as an industry source rather than independent research.
Significant Numbers of Sports-Related Concussions in Cycling — Helmich et al., 2019
Examines concussion history and symptoms in recreational and competitive cyclists.
Epidemiology of Snow Skiing- Versus Snowboarding-Related Concussions — Gil et al., 2017
Compares concussion patterns associated with skiing and snowboarding.
Head Injuries Among FIS World Cup Alpine and Freestyle Skiers and Snowboarders — Steenstrup et al., 2014
Studies the frequency, severity, and mechanisms of elite winter-sport head injuries.
Epidemiology of Cheerleading Stunt-Related Injuries — Shields et al., 2009
Identifies concussion and closed-head injury as important risks during cheerleading stunts.
Update on the Epidemiology of Cheerleading Injuries — Xu et al., 2021
Reviews recent U.S. emergency-department trends in cheerleading injuries and concussions.
Concussion Among Youth Skiers and Snowboarders — Bergmann et al., 2016
Examines concussion among helmeted and unhelmeted youth winter-sport participants.
Sports-Related Concussion Is a Personalized Issue — Weber et al., 2022
Includes concussion mechanisms in activities such as equestrian sports and cycling.
Injury Patterns After Skiing and Snowboarding — Maat et al., 2020
Compares injury patterns, including brain concussion, between skiers and snowboarders.
Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport: Amsterdam 2022 — Patricios et al., 2023
The current major international consensus statement addressing concussion recognition, evaluation, recovery, and return to sport.
Pediatric Sport-Related Concussion: Recommendations From the Amsterdam Consensus — Davis et al., 2024
Applies the Amsterdam recommendations specifically to children and adolescents.
Concussion in Sports — Musumeci, 2019
Reviews concussion mechanisms, biological changes, and management across contact and non-contact sports.
Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussion — Pierpoint et al., 2021
Provides a broad overview of concussion incidence, recognition, and epidemiological trends.
Concussion Incidence and Trends in 20 High School Sports — Kerr et al., 2019
Compares concussion rates across a wide range of boys’ and girls’ high-school sports.
Systematic Review of Clinical Studies Examining Biomarkers of Brain Injury in Athletes — Papa et al., 2015
Reviews blood and other biological biomarkers investigated for athlete concussion.
